Types of immunity, is vaccination really that bad or can we consider it?!!!

 

 Types of immunity

 There are basically two categories of immunity broadly divided they are innate and adapted.

INNATE IMMUNITY

Innate immunity is present in our body from birth and it is basically a generalized type of immunity.

Innate immunity act upon all kinds of particles that invade the host cells. Or can penetrate to the host tissues.

In innate immunity, the first line of defense is provided by epithelial barriers of the skin and mucosal tissues and by cells and natural antibiotics present in epithelia, all of which function to block the entry of microbes.

 If microbes do breach epithelia and enter the tissues or circulation, they are attacked by phagocytes, specialized lymphocytes called innate lymphoid cells, which include natural killer cells, and several plasma proteins, including the proteins of the complement system.

All these cells react when there is a microbe invasion in our body. The innate immunity act as a frontline barrier in the situation where a foreign microbe enters our body.

Often the innate immunity also acts as the enhancement of the adaptive immune system.

The intensity of the adaptive immune response increases when there is a involvement of innate immunity beforehand and the microbe is more efficiently removed.

So, concluding innate immunity is a immunity which have from birth and is effective with a large amount of microbes and forms the frontline and the initial phase of any immune response.

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Adaptive immunity, it is another type of immunity which evolved in due course of a human lifetime and came later than the innate immunity.

Adaptive immunity is basically a type of specific immunity and it requires the need of the differentiation of the lymphocytes so that it can adapt to the presence of specific microbes.

The best example of a adaptive immunity can be understood from the vaccinization process.

Vaccination is given for specific microbes and diseases and the lymphocytes which are a type of white blood cells adapt and fight the weakened microbe and preserve the memory to fight the same microbe in the future if unfortunately we are exposed to it again. It is just like the cells remember how to fight that particular microbe.

Adaptive immunity comes to play a role when a host is resistant to innate immunity or the shape or orientation of the microbe.

The adaptive immunity can detect more specific signs of a microbe then just the shapes and that are the receptors on the microbes

Adaptive immunity is also able to detect many molecules as well as a noninfectious substance from the microbe. The substances which the adapted immunity can recognize as a foreign object is termed as an antigen.

Adaptive immunity  is further divided into two parts humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity

Humoral immunity is the immunity that is initiated by b lymphocytes these are the immune cells that prepare antibodies to attack infectious cells by creating antibodies.

These antibodies detect microbes by detecting an antigen which can be present on the microbe surface in the form of a receptor or can be an infectious or non-infectious secretion.

The B lymphocytes can be present in the blood vessels and migrate to the place of infection.

Cell-mediated immunity is the immunity that is initiated by t lymphocytes and cytotoxic-t-lymphocytes.

The situation sometimes is not as easy for the b-lymphocytes to recognize the microbe or the pathogen because they are hidden inside the cells of our own body sometimes. thus require a more aggressive immune response.

The t lymphocytes can activate the microbe eating cells called phagocytes to destroy the microbes that are already present inside it. Because there are some antigens or receptors that are present on the microbe harboring macrophage.

So, the difference here is that he cytotoxic t lymphocytes destroy the microbes itself

below is a description of humoral and cell-mediated immunity

Active and Passive Immunity

Inactive immunity, an individual exposed to the antigens of a microbe mounts an active response to eradicate the infection and develops resistance to later infection by that microbe. Such an individual is said to be immune to that microbe, in contrast with a naive individual, not previously exposed to that microbe’s antigens.

The best example of this case is vaccinization in which we have a exposure to a microbe antigen but in a weak form which our body can fight and later in life if we encounter the pathogen again our body can fight more vigorously. So, it is a good choice to vaccinate ourselves to protect us from some very dangerous microbes for which effective vaccines are available

I mean common, the scientists and researchers did not waste there time creating vaccines for nothing if it is effective and helps prevent diseases then what is the problem.

Passive Immunity

In passive immunity, a naive individual receives antibodies or cells (e.g., lymphocytes, feasible only in animal experiments) from another individual already immune to infection.

The recipient acquires the ability to combat the infection for as long as the transferred antibodies or cells last.

The best example of this is colostrum the milk that is initially produced by the mother after the birth of the baby. It has a whole lot of antibodies(the molecules which our body makes to fight the dangerous microbes) that can provide the baby immunity.

But the immunity that it provides lasts only till the antibodies are the present one they are gone the immunity provided by that antibody is lost too

That is why if we have our own vaccinization our body will produce our own antibodies and we can be protected from many deadly diseases.

Conclusion

There is much more to how the vaccinization
works and the depth to it. Sometimes I will try to explain that. But it is known that vaccines do work and have the capabilities to protect us.

I know that there are some misconceptions and also some little bit of danger but, mostly it does protect us in the long run.

As of now if you liked the post and found it knowledgeable and would want someone to know then share it with them.

 Until then stay safe and healthy and yes informed too…

Thank you